Buying A Home

When purchasing a home, you should request a “marketable” title. Your lawyer, after proper investigation, can tell you whether the seller is able to convey such a title to you. No one can advise you without a proper investigation.

These guarantees alone are not adequate protection since they are no better than the present and future financial responsibility of the seller. A warranty from a financially responsible seller is comforting and desirable but is not a substitute for a title examination and title insurance. Title defects have a way of lying dormant for years and perplexing a buyer long after he has paid for the land and after the seller has disappeared or died.

This may seem to be a simple operation. It is not. It requires interpreting numerous deeds, mortgages, wills, court decrees and other instruments; considering the time sequence of transactions and events affecting the title; and applying laws and court decisions to the various situations disclosed in the applicable title information.

The examination of a title requires a thorough knowledge of many areas of law and even when certain laws went into effect or were amended or repealed. An examination of applicable title information may involve evaluating a variety of problems such as the validity of divorces, the effectiveness of foreclosures, the scope of restrictions, the presence of federal and state tax liens, and the effect of old claims against the land.

Whether examining an old U.S. patent or passing on a deed of recent date, the process of examination is, at every step, the consideration of legal problems. Experience can speed up the work, but attorneys almost daily encounter new situations requiring new legal research.

But like any insurance policy, the coverage is no greater than as stated in the policy. Any policy can list matters substantially affecting title that are exceptions to the coverage and are not insured. Another type of policy, mortgagee’s or lender’s title insurance, protects only the holder of the mortgage and not the owner. You should not forego owner’s title insurance coverage because your lender has its own loan policy. In fact, obtaining both the owner’s and lender’s title policies at the same time is not much more expensive than obtaining a single policy.

A lawyer representing your interest can advise the extent of protection given by your owner’s policy. Even if your attorney does not issue your title policy (as is the practice in certain counties and often when purchasing new residences from developers), your attorney can advise you whether the exceptions from coverage listed in the title insurance commitment will be appropriate under the contract or detrimental to you when they are included in the final title policy. Some attorneys include the policy’s cost in an overall charge for all legal services. Other attorneys separate the charge with the cost for the policy being based on the real estate purchase price. This price is the maximum amount for which you are insured. There is only a one-time charge for an owner’s policy and its protection continues long after you sell the property so you should hold onto the policy indefinitely.

Joint ownership occasionally leads to lawsuits over a right of occupancy, the right to the rents if not occupied by all the joint owners, and the duties of the various owners as to payment of mortgages, taxes, and cost of repairs and upkeep. If the joint owners are parent and child, or brothers and sisters, the subsequent marriage of one of them may lead to conflicts and complications.

This may be true also when repairs on a house have been made recently or building material recently delivered.

Failure to protect against construction liens can result in the property being subject to liens even though the full contract price was paid.

An attorney can help you determine the most advantageous plan, based on your needs and capabilities to repay, including certain tax advantages appropriate to your personal financial situation.

Regardless of the type mortgage loan, you should be aware of specific terms the lender may require such as:

• prepayment penalties
• limitation of your right to sell without lender’s consent
• maintenance of insurance levels
• tax and insurance escrow payments
• limitations on your use of the property
• lender’s right to change interest rates if you assume an existing mortgage
• lender’s right to change interest rates during term of the loan

You should also determine if, in the future, you’ll be allowed to borrow additional money secured by the same mortgage. You’ll want to ask an attorney to explain all costs of the loan, including service charges, appraisal fees, survey costs, escrow fees, and lender’s attorneys’ fees.

Remember, when you sign a mortgage note, you are ordinarily responsible for the full payment of the total indebtedness. Even if you later sell to someone who agrees to assume payment of the mortgage, your responsibility continues unless the lender releases you.

As a careful buyer, you should insist that your lawyer be present at the closing, checking each detail to assist you making your purchase the trouble-free ownership to which you are entitled.